↑ Richardson, James T. (1993). “Definitions of Cult: From Sociological-Technical to Popular-Negative”. Review of Religious Research. Religious Research Association, Inc. 34 (4): 348–56. doi:10.2307/3511972. JSTOR3511972.
↑ Stark, Rodney; Bainbridge, William Sims (1996). A Theory of Religion. Rutgers University Press. tr. 124. ISBN0-8135-2330-3.
↑ OED, citing American Journal of Sociology 85 (1980), p. 1377: "Cults [...], like other deviant social movements, tend to recruit people with a grievance, people who suffer from a some variety of deprivation."
↑ Chuck Shaw – Sects and Cults – Greenville Technical College – Retrieved ngày 21 tháng 3 năm 2013.
↑ Olson, Paul J. 2006. "The Public Perception of 'Cults' and 'New Religious Movements'." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45 (1): 97–106
↑ Stark, Rodney; Bainbridge, William Sims (1987). The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-05731-9
1 2 Eileen Barker, 1999, "New Religious Movements: their incidence and significance", New Religious Movements: challenge and response, Bryan Wilson and Jamie Cresswell editors, RoutledgeISBN0-415-20050-4
↑ culture – Merriam-Webster. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 5 năm 2014.
↑ Compare the Oxford English Dictionary note for usage in 1875: "cult:[...] b. A relatively small group of people having (esp. religious) beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister, or as exercising excessive control over members. [...] 1875 Brit. Mail 30 Jan. 13/1 Buffaloism is, it would seem, a cult, a creed, a secret community, the members of which are bound together by strange and weird vows, and listen in hidden conclave to mysterious lore." “cult”, Oxford English Dictionary (ấn bản 3), Oxford University Press, tháng 9 năm 2005 |mode=CS1 không hợp lệ (trợ giúp) (yêu cầu Đăng ký hoặc có quyền thành viên của thư viện công cộng Anh.)
↑ In W. S. Taylor, 'Science and cult', Psychological Review, Vol 37(2), March 1930, "cultist" is still used in the sense that would now be expressed by "religionist", i.e. anyone adopting a religious worldview as opposed to a scientific one. In the New York State Journal of Medicine of 1932, p. 84 (and other medical publications of the 1930s; e.g. Morris Fishbein, Fads and Quackery in Healing: An Analysis of the Foibles of the Healing Cults, 1932), "cultist" is used of those adhering to what was then called "healing cults", and would now be referred to as faith healing, but also of other forms of alternative medicine ("cultist" (in quotes) of a chiropractor in United States naval medical bulletin, Volume 28, 1930, p. 366).
↑ Compare: T.L. Brink (2008) Psychology: A Student Friendly Approach. "Unit 13: Social Psychology". pp 320 - "Cult is a somewhat derogatory term for a new religious movement, especially one with unusual theological doctrine or one that is abusive of its membership."
↑ Chuck Shaw – Sects and Cults – Greenville Technical College. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 3 năm 2013.
↑ Bromley, David Melton, J. Gordon 2002. Cults, Religion, and Violence. West Nyack, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Clarke, Peter B. 2006. New Religions in Global Perspective: A Study of Religious Change in the Modern World. New York: Routledge.
↑ Weber, Maximillan. Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Chapter: "The Nature of Charismatic Authority and its Routinization" translated by A. R. Anderson and Talcott Parsons, 1947. Originally published in 1922 in German under the title Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft chapter III, § 10 (available online)
↑ Swatos, William H. Jr. (1998). “Church-Sect Theory”. Trong William H. Swatos Jr. (biên tập). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira. tr. 90–93. ISBN978-0-7619-8956-1.
↑ Campbell, Colin (1998). “Cult”. Trong William H. Swatos Jr. (biên tập). Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira. tr. 122–23. ISBN978-0-7619-8956-1.
↑ Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America: African diaspora traditions and other American innovations, Volume 5 of Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, W. Michael Ashcraft, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006ISBN978-0-275-98717-6, p. 180
↑ Exploring New Religions,Issues in contemporary religion, George D. Chryssides, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2001ISBN978-0-8264-5959-6 p. 1
↑ Wallis, Roy Scientology: Therapeutic Cult to Religious Sect abstract only (1975)
↑ Bruce Campbell (1978). "A Typology of Cults." Sociology Analysis, Santa Barbara
↑ Bader, Chris & A. Demaris, A test of the Stark-Bainbridge theory of affiliation with religious cults and sects. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35, 285–303. (1996)
↑ Turner, Francis J.; Arnold Shanon Bloch, Ron Shor (ngày 1 tháng 9 năm 1995). “105: From Consultation to Therapy in Group Work With Parents of Cultists”. Differential Diagnosis & Treatment in Social Work (ấn bản 4). Free Press. tr. 1146. ISBN0-02-874007-6.
↑ Kaslow, Florence Whiteman; Marvin B. Sussman (1982). Cults and the Family. Haworth Press. tr. 34. ISBN0-917724-55-0.
↑ Dr. Zablocki, Benjamin “Archived copy”. Bản gốc lưu trữ ngày 8 tháng 3 năm 2005. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 3 năm 2005.Quản lý CS1: bản lưu trữ là tiêu đề (liên kết) Paper presented to a conference, Cults: Theory and Treatment Issues, ngày 31 tháng 5 năm 1997 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
↑ Kranenborg, Reender Dr. (Dutch language) Sekten... gevaarlijk of niet?/Cults... dangerous or not? published in the magazine Religieuze bewegingen in Nederland/Religious movements in the Netherlands nr. 31 Sekten II by the Free university Amsterdam (1996) ISSN0169-7374ISBN90-5383-426-5
↑ Dawson, Lorne L. (1998). Cults in Context: Readings in the Study of New Religious Movements. Transaction Publishers. tr. 349: "Sects and Violence". ISBN0-7658-0478-6.
↑ Hubert Seiwert: Freedom and Control in the Unified Germany: Governmental Approaches to Alternative Religions Since 1989. In: Sociology of Religion (2003) 64 (3): 367–75, S. 370. Online edition
↑ Stangor, Charles (2004). Social Groups in Action and Interaction. Psychology Press. tr. 42–43: "When Prophecy Fails". ISBN1-84169-407-X.
↑ Newman, Dr. David M. (2006). Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life. Pine Forge Press. tr. 86. ISBN1-4129-2814-1.
↑ Petty, Richard E.; John T. Cacioppo (1996). Attitudes and Persuasion: Classic and Contemporary Approaches. Westview Press. tr. 139: "Effect of Disconfirming an Important Belief". ISBN0-8133-3005-X.
↑ "The Primer"Lưu trữ 2005-01-11 tại Wayback Machine – Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. A joint report from the offices of the Attorneys General of Arizona and Utah. (2006)
Bỉ: The Justice Commission of the Belgian House of Representatives published a report on cults in 1997. A Brussels Appeals Court in 2005 condemned the Belgian House of Representatives on the grounds that it had damaged the image of an organization listed.
Pháp: a parliamentary commission of the National Assembly compiled a list of purported cults in 1995. In 2005, the Prime Minister stated that the concerns addressed in the list "had become less pertinent" and that the government needed to balance its concern with cults with respect for public freedoms and laïcité.
Đức: The legitimacy of a 1997 Berlin Senate report listing cults (Sekten) was defended in a court decision of 2003 (Oberverwaltungsgericht Berlin (OVG 5 B 26.00) ngày 25 tháng 9 năm 2003), and the list is still maintained by Berlin city authorities (Sekten und Psychogruppen - Leitstelle Berlin).
1 2 3 Richardson, James T.; Introvigne, Massimo (2001). "'Brainwashing' Theories in European Parliamentary and Administrative Reports on 'Cults' and 'Sects'". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40 (2): 143–68. doi: 10.1111/0021-8294.00046
1 2 Edelman, Bryan; Richardson, James T. (2003). “Falun Gong and the Law: Development of Legal Social Control in China”. Nova Religio. 6 (2): 312–31. doi:10.1525/nr.2003.6.2.312.
↑ Ogloff, J. R.; Pfeifer, J. E. (1992). “Cults and the law: A discussion of the legality of alleged cult activities”. Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 10 (1): 117–40. doi:10.1002/bsl.2370100111.
↑ Robbins, Thomas (2002). “Combating 'Cults' and 'Brainwashing' in the United States and Europe: A Comment on Richardson and Introvigne's Report”. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 40 (2): 169–76. doi:10.1111/0021-8294.00047.
↑ Beckford, James A. (1998). “'Cult' Controversies in Three European Countries”. Journal of Oriental Studies. 8: 174–84.
